objective: drought stress is most important factor which reduce root and shoot growth in crops. this study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and zn fertilizer on root traits of four cultivars of chickpea. methods: experiment was laid out in a split plot-factorial using randomized complete block design with three replications. drought stress treatment stand in main...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (smarpex and novapex) in detecting apical perforation. materials and methods: after access cavity preparations, the working length was determined by the first examiner before and after perforation with a stereomicroscope by introducing a k-file size 10 into the canal and size 25 k-file up to the per...

introduction: success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. among the most important factors, appropriate preparation of the root canal system and keeping periapical region intact as much as possible could be mentioned. these are achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal i.e. the working length. several methods are introduced for working lengt...

introduction: despite being the gold standard as well as a routine technique in endodontics, radiographic working length (wl) determination owns many drawbacks. electronic apex-locators (eals) are recommended to complement radiographies. the aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of iranian general dental practitioners (gdps) towards using radiography and eal. methods and materials: ...

root depth and distribution have an important role in drought resistance and optimization of moisture content of soil. this research was carried out in order to consider of root response of triticale genotypes to water stress and recognition of root trait that can effective in resistance of water stress. this experiment was in a factorial experiment based on completely random design on the year...